Furthermore, foreign powers, such as Israel and Syria, became involved in the war and fought alongside different factions. Over the course of the fighting, alliances shifted rapidly and unpredictably. įighting between Maronite-Christian and Palestinian forces (mainly from the Palestine Liberation Organization) began in 1975 leftist, Muslim, and pan-Arabist Lebanese groups formed an alliance with the Palestinians in Lebanon. The Cold War had a powerful disintegrative effect on Lebanon, which was closely linked to the political polarization that preceded the 1958 Lebanese crisis, since Christians sided with the Western world while leftist, Muslim, and pan-Arabist groups sided with Soviet-aligned Arab countries. The influx of thousands of Palestinians in 19 contributed to the shift of Lebanon's demography in favour of the Muslim population. However, the country had a large Muslim population to match, and many pan-Arabist and left-wing groups opposed the Christian-dominated pro- Western government. The link between politics and religion had been reinforced under the French Mandate from 1920 to 1943, and the country's parliamentary structure favoured a leading position for its Christian-majority population. The Lebanese government had been run under the significant influence of elites within the Maronite Christian community. The diversity of the Lebanese population played a notable role in the lead-up to and during the conflict: Sunni Muslims and Christians comprised the majority in the coastal cities Shia Muslims were primarily based in the south and the Beqaa Valley in the east and Druze and Christians populated the country's mountainous areas. It resulted in an estimated 120,000 fatalities and an exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. The Lebanese Civil War ( Arabic: الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية, romanized: Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990.
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